A party of Lipan Apaches kill two residents of San Antonio.
Date: Early 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.399088000000
Longitude: -98.622415000000
Longitude: -98.622415000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 109.
Event Type:
Date: 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tawakonis (Wichita) attack Lipan Apaches on Colorado River. All 85 Lipans killed. Mexican prisoners, mostly youths, released.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Citation:
Charles A. Gulick, ed. The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (Austin: A.C. Baldwin, 1921) 4/1:191-92.
Event Type:
Date: Early 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American Lipan Apaches attack a small Spanish force on the Frio River, seizing all their horses and killing four soldiers.
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.142275000000
Longitude: -99.555026000000
Longitude: -99.555026000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 109.
Event Type:
Date: March 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans, Tawakonis, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of Lipan Apaches, Tawakonis (Wichitas), and Comanches raid San Antonio, killing four Bexareños.
Tribe: Lipans, Tawakonis, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.424122000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: Early April 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A group of Tawakonis (Wichitas) launch a night time raid on San Antonio. Two Tawakonis are killed by a sentinel.
Tribe: Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.424122000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: Late April 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Unknown Tribe
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Indians kill nine Spanish soldiers in the hills north of San Antonio.
Tribe: Unknown Tribe
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.424122000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: July 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Lipan Apaches attack two hundred Spanish troops and fifty militiamen leaving La Bahía (Goliad). In retaliation, Spanish troops kill eight Apaches in an assault on a Lipan rancheria
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.661395000000
Longitude: -97.388434000000
Longitude: -97.388434000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 109.
Event Type:
Date: August 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Comanches, Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Thirty Comanches attack an unknown number of Karankawas at Mission Refugio. Two Comanches are killed.
Tribe: Comanches, Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.512761000000
Longitude: -96.819357000000
Longitude: -96.819357000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: May 1821
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Karankawas kill five American sailors shipwrecked on the northern end of Padre Island.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 27.628434000000
Longitude: -97.226379000000
Longitude: -97.226379000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 111.
Event Type:
Date: February 1822
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Tonkawas
Gender: male, female
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Wacos (Wichita) raid a Tonkawa village, killing thirty, including women, children, and old men. Raid occurred on Davidson’s Creek, which is 25 to 30 miles north of Independence, near present day Milano.
Tribe: Wacos, Tonkawas
Gender: male, female
Location:
Latitude: 30.666666700000
Longitude: -96.900000000000
Longitude: -96.900000000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
J. H. Kuykendall, “Reminiscences of Early Texans,” The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 7, p. 29-30.
Event Type:
Date: September 1822
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Three colonists left to guard supplies at the mouth of the Colorado River. They were never found; Karankawas suspected.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.602430000000
Longitude: -95.976605000000
Longitude: -95.976605000000
Citation:
Kuykendall, "Reminiscences of Early Texans," The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 6, no. 3, January 1903, 236-237, 247.
Event Type:
Date: February 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to Waco (Wichita) attack on Tonkawa village, Austin colonists join Tonkawas in an attack against Wacos on the Trinity River, killing forty Waco tribesmen.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.954833000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 128-29. Eugene C. Barker, ed. “Journal of Stephen F. Austin on His First Trip to Texas, 1821,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 7 (April 1904): 286–307; Martínez to Lopez, February 8, 1822, Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) 1: 472–74; Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 55.
Event Type:
Date: February 23, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Coco
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Coco Indians (Karankawas) kill two members of Austin’s colony, Loy (or Law) and John C. Alley, who had tried to stop them from stealing a corn-filled pirogue on the Colorado River, near the mouth of Skull Creek and ten miles south of present-day Columbus.
Tribe: Coco
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.532235000000
Longitude: -96.406754000000
Longitude: -96.406754000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 38-40. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 128. J. W. Wilbarger, , Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 200-01.
Event Type:
Date: February 25, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to the deaths of Loy and Alley, the colony responded by raising a company of 25 men. Finding the Karankawa encampment on Skull Creek, the colonists killed 19 or 20 members of the tribe.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.532641000000
Longitude: -96.408224000000
Longitude: -96.408224000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 38-40. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 128. J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 200-01.
Event Type:
Date: July 6, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Austin colonist John J. Tumlinson Sr. is killed by Karankawas and Wacos (Wichitas) near the present town of Seguin; colonist Joseph Newman escapes.
Tribe: Karankawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.568841000000
Longitude: -97.964727000000
Longitude: -97.964727000000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 204-05.
Event Type:
Date: July 7, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) John J.Tumlinson, Jr., organizes a group of eleven colonists, including his brother Joseph Tumlinson, in response to the death of his father on July 6. They attack a Waco encampment 15 miles above present-day Columbus, killing 12-13.
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.706623000000
Longitude: -96.515311100000
Longitude: -96.515311100000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 204-05.
Samuel H. Tumlinson, “Tumlinson, Joseph,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed September 16, 2020, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tumlinson-joseph
Event Type:
Date: October 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Stephen F. Austin provides emigrant tribes—the Coushattas, Alabamas, and Choctaws--with powder and lead to attack the Karankawas, who had been committing depredations in the colony. Locating a party of Cocos (Karankawas), they kill the chief, his son, and three other tribesmen.
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.805670000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 130.
Event Type:
Date: Early 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) One Karankawa killed by two colonists near the mouth of the Colorado.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Event Type:
Date: 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Coco
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Austin launches attacks on Karankawas early in the year, assaulted a Coco (Karankawa) village upstream from the mouth of the Brazos River, killing seven.
Tribe: Coco
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.916270000000
Longitude: -95.389051000000
Longitude: -95.389051000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 130.
Charles A. Gulick, ed. The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (Austin: A.C. Baldwin, 1921), 4:245–48.
Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) vol. 1, part 1: 768, 803.
Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999) 49-50.
William H. Oberste, History of Refugio Mission (Refugio, TX: [1942]), 309.
Event Type:
Date: 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Colonists at Bailey’s Prairie (between present day Angleton and West Columbia) kill several Karankawas seeking to buy ammunition and supplies
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.148795000000
Longitude: -95.493512000000
Longitude: -95.493512000000
Citation:
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: From its First Settlement in 1685 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin: Steck, 1953), 224.
Event Type: