A party of Lipan Apaches kill two residents of San Antonio.
Date: Early 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.399088000000
Longitude: -98.622415000000
Longitude: -98.622415000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 109.
Event Type:
Date: March 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans, Tawakonis, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of Lipan Apaches, Tawakonis (Wichitas), and Comanches raid San Antonio, killing four Bexareños.
Tribe: Lipans, Tawakonis, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.424122000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: Early April 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A group of Tawakonis (Wichitas) launch a night time raid on San Antonio. Two Tawakonis are killed by a sentinel.
Tribe: Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.424122000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Longitude: -98.493628000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: May 1821
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Karankawas kill five American sailors shipwrecked on the northern end of Padre Island.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 27.628434000000
Longitude: -97.226379000000
Longitude: -97.226379000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 111.
Event Type:
Date: September 1822
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Three colonists left to guard supplies at the mouth of the Colorado River. They were never found; Karankawas suspected.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.602430000000
Longitude: -95.976605000000
Longitude: -95.976605000000
Citation:
Kuykendall, "Reminiscences of Early Texans," The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 6, no. 3, January 1903, 236-237, 247.
Event Type:
Date: Late December 1822
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), White (includes Anglo-American, European) Two colonists, Rogers and Hines, murdered near Atascocito crossing of Colorado River, en route to San Antonio. Two Mexican deserters are arrested for the murders.
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.706444000000
Longitude: -96.537144000000
Longitude: -96.537144000000
Citation:
Ernest W. Winkler, ed. Manuscript Letters and Documents of Early Texians 1821-1845, 24-25
Event Type:
Date: February 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to Waco (Wichita) attack on Tonkawa village, Austin colonists join Tonkawas in an attack against Wacos on the Trinity River, killing forty Waco tribesmen.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.954833000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 128-29. Eugene C. Barker, ed. “Journal of Stephen F. Austin on His First Trip to Texas, 1821,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 7 (April 1904): 286–307; Martínez to Lopez, February 8, 1822, Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) 1: 472–74; Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 55.
Event Type:
Date: February 23, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Coco
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Coco Indians (Karankawas) kill two members of Austin’s colony, Loy (or Law) and John C. Alley, who had tried to stop them from stealing a corn-filled pirogue on the Colorado River, near the mouth of Skull Creek and ten miles south of present-day Columbus.
Tribe: Coco
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.532235000000
Longitude: -96.406754000000
Longitude: -96.406754000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 38-40. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 128. J. W. Wilbarger, , Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 200-01.
Event Type:
Date: February 25, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to the deaths of Loy and Alley, the colony responded by raising a company of 25 men. Finding the Karankawa encampment on Skull Creek, the colonists killed 19 or 20 members of the tribe.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.532641000000
Longitude: -96.408224000000
Longitude: -96.408224000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 38-40. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 128. J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 200-01.
Event Type:
Date: Late May 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), White (includes Anglo-American, European) William Dewees and about half a dozen colonists tracked a band of horse thieves who had recently attacked and murdered a party of Mexican drovers. They caught up with the group at the Brazos River, killing three: Julian Chirino, Vicente Castro, and Felix Mendoza.
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.673727000000
Longitude: -96.795387000000
Longitude: -96.795387000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 53-54. Kuykendall, "Reminiscences of Early Texans," The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 7, no. 1, July 1903, 34.
Event Type:
Date: July 6, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Austin colonist John J. Tumlinson Sr. is killed by Karankawas and Wacos (Wichitas) near the present town of Seguin; colonist Joseph Newman escapes.
Tribe: Karankawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.568841000000
Longitude: -97.964727000000
Longitude: -97.964727000000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 204-05.
Event Type:
Date: July 7, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) John J.Tumlinson, Jr., organizes a group of eleven colonists, including his brother Joseph Tumlinson, in response to the death of his father on July 6. They attack a Waco encampment 15 miles above present-day Columbus, killing 12-13.
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.706623000000
Longitude: -96.515311100000
Longitude: -96.515311100000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 204-05.
Samuel H. Tumlinson, “Tumlinson, Joseph,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed September 16, 2020, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tumlinson-joseph
Event Type:
Date: October 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Stephen F. Austin provides emigrant tribes—the Coushattas, Alabamas, and Choctaws--with powder and lead to attack the Karankawas, who had been committing depredations in the colony. Locating a party of Cocos (Karankawas), they kill the chief, his son, and three other tribesmen.
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.805670000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 130.
Event Type:
Date: Early 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) One Karankawa killed by two colonists near the mouth of the Colorado.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Event Type:
Date: 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Colonists at Bailey’s Prairie (between present day Angleton and West Columbia) kill several Karankawas seeking to buy ammunition and supplies
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.148795000000
Longitude: -95.493512000000
Longitude: -95.493512000000
Citation:
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: From its First Settlement in 1685 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin: Steck, 1953), 224.
Event Type:
Date: June 13, 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Austin colonist on Colorado River kills one member of a party of Karankawas butchering one of his cows.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 131
Event Type:
Date: Mid-June 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Captain Jesse Burnam and 30 Austin colonists, shot at a canoe filled with Karankawas two miles above the mouth of the Colorado River. Eight Karankawas are killed.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Citation:
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: From its First Settlement in 1685 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin: Steck Co., 1953), 1:225-26; William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 50-53.
Event Type:
Date: Mid-June 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Commissioned by Stephen F. Austin to conduct a punitive expedition against the Karankawas for the killing of Austin colonists, Captain Randal Jones and a company of 23 settlers skirmish with Karankawas on Jones Creek, near the mouth of the Brazos River. Three whites and 15 Indians killed.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 28.980864000000
Longitude: -95.420809000000
Longitude: -95.420809000000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 201-02.
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: From its First Settlement in 1685 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin: Steck Co., 1953), 1: 224-25.
Event Type:
Date: February 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: female
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) The families of Elisha Flowers and Charles Cavanaugh were attacked by 70 Karankawas, near Live Oak Bayou on Old Caney Creek. Five women were killed: Cavanaugh’s wife and three daughters and Flowers’ wife Polly.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: female
Location:
Latitude: 28.744428100000
Longitude: -95.767182800000
Longitude: -95.767182800000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 209; Rachel Jenkins, "Flowers, Elisha," Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ffl21), accessed June 15, 2015. Uploaded on June 12, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association
Event Type:
Date: February 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of colonists led by Aylett C. Buckner kill 40-50 Karankawas near the mouth of the Colorado River, three miles east of present day Matagorda, in retaliation for attack on Cavanaugh and Flowers’ families. Sometimes referred to as the “Dressing Point” Massacre.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 28.691133000000
Longitude: -95.968271000000
Longitude: -95.968271000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 131.
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 210.
Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 51.
Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:525.
Event Type: