Tawakonis (Wichita) attack Lipan Apaches on Colorado River. All 85 Lipans killed. Mexican prisoners, mostly youths, released.
Date: 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tribe: Tawakonis, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Citation:
Charles A. Gulick, ed. The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (Austin: A.C. Baldwin, 1921) 4/1:191-92.
Event Type:
Date: August 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Comanches, Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Thirty Comanches attack an unknown number of Karankawas at Mission Refugio. Two Comanches are killed.
Tribe: Comanches, Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.512761000000
Longitude: -96.819357000000
Longitude: -96.819357000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
Event Type:
Date: February 1822
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Tonkawas
Gender: male, female
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Wacos (Wichita) raid a Tonkawa village, killing thirty, including women, children, and old men. Raid occurred on Davidson’s Creek, which is 25 to 30 miles north of Independence, near present day Milano.
Tribe: Wacos, Tonkawas
Gender: male, female
Location:
Latitude: 30.666666700000
Longitude: -96.900000000000
Longitude: -96.900000000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
J. H. Kuykendall, “Reminiscences of Early Texans,” The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 7, p. 29-30.
Event Type:
Date: February 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to Waco (Wichita) attack on Tonkawa village, Austin colonists join Tonkawas in an attack against Wacos on the Trinity River, killing forty Waco tribesmen.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.954833000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 128-29. Eugene C. Barker, ed. “Journal of Stephen F. Austin on His First Trip to Texas, 1821,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 7 (April 1904): 286–307; Martínez to Lopez, February 8, 1822, Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) 1: 472–74; Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 55.
Event Type:
Date: October 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Stephen F. Austin provides emigrant tribes—the Coushattas, Alabamas, and Choctaws--with powder and lead to attack the Karankawas, who had been committing depredations in the colony. Locating a party of Cocos (Karankawas), they kill the chief, his son, and three other tribesmen.
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.805670000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 130.
Event Type:
Date: Early 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tawakonis (Wichitas) fight Tonkawas and Lipan Apaches at the La Bahía crossing of the Colorado River. Four Tonkawas are killed.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.668325000000
Longitude: -97.388327000000
Longitude: -97.388327000000
Citation:
Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:525.
Event Type:
Date: March 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Choctaws/Chickasaws
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Six Choctaws kill four Tonkawas near the La Bahía Road, between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Choctaws/Chickasaws
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.097178000000
Longitude: -96.496353000000
Longitude: -96.496353000000
Citation:
Malcolm D. McLean, ed., Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:526, 2:591.
Event Type:
Date: February 1827
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Comanches, Lipans, Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Wacos (Wichitas) and Comanches attacked Lipan Apaches and Tonkawas on San Marcos River nine miles above Gonzales, stole several hundred horses.
Tribe: Wacos, Comanches, Lipans, Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.518351000000
Longitude: -97.491839000000
Longitude: -97.491839000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 133; Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27), vol. 2, part 2, 1607.
Event Type:
Date: April 1829
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Tawakonis, Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Cherokees attack Waco village on the Brazos, near present-day Waco. Fifty-five Wacos (Wichitas) killed in reprisal for theft of horses the previous winter. During the course of the battle, which lasted several hours, 200 mounted Tawakonis (Wichitas) came to the aid of the Wacos.
Tribe: Wacos, Tawakonis, Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.526459000000
Longitude: -97.069359000000
Longitude: -97.069359000000
Citation:
John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas (Austin: State House Press, 1988), 11-13. See also Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press), 3:412-14; J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 174-77; F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 141.
Event Type:
Date: 1830
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees, Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American One hundred Cherokees attack a Tawakoni (Wichita) village at headwaters of the Navasota River (present day Mont Calm). Setting fire to grass houses, they shot Tawakonis as they were trying to escape, reportedly killing 26.
Tribe: Cherokees, Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 31.753793000000
Longitude: -96.881919000000
Longitude: -96.881919000000
Citation:
1. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), 141.
2. Malcolm D. McLean, comp. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1974), 4:162-67, 192, 210.
Event Type:
Date: January 1832
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Comanches, Shawnees
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A party of Comanches is attacked by Shawnees at Bandera Pass, 11 miles north of present day Bandera. Twenty Comanches are killed.
Tribe: Comanches, Shawnees
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.840393000000
Longitude: -99.093242000000
Longitude: -99.093242000000
Citation:
H. Allen Anderson, “The Delaware and Shawnee Indians and the Republic of Texas, 1820-1845,” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 94, no. 2 (Oct 1990): 237-38.
Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, Charles Adam Gulick, et al., ed. (A.C. Baldwin, Printers, 1924), 3:460-1.
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), 143.
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: from its First Settlement in 1865 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin, Steck Co., 1953), 310.
Event Type:
Date: August 1832
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wichitas, Caddos, Delawares
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A band of eight Wacos (Wichita) is pursued and caught by a party of Caddos and Delawares on the Little River. Five Wacos are killed.
Tribe: Wichitas, Caddos, Delawares
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.953387000000
Longitude: -97.377588000000
Longitude: -97.377588000000
Citation:
Eugene C. Barker, ed., The Austin Papers (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1924), 2:836, 848-49.
John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas (Austin: L. E. Daniel, 1896), 25.
Event Type:
Date: March 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Shawnees, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A party of Shawnees kill four Comanches at the headwaters of the Guadalupe River, near present-day Kerrville.
Tribe: Shawnees, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.067480000000
Longitude: -99.209144000000
Longitude: -99.209144000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, March 24, 1838.
Event Type:
Date: April 7, 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Comanches, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A skirmish between Lipan Apaches and Comanches along the Nueces results in eight Lipans killed
Tribe: Comanches, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.327280000000
Longitude: -98.470639000000
Longitude: -98.470639000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, April 7, 1838.
Event Type:
Date: June 10, 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tonkawas fight and defeat a party of Comanches on the Nueces River; exact location unknown.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.203719000000
Longitude: -98.694379000000
Longitude: -98.694379000000
Citation:
Rena Maverick Green, Samuel Maverick, Texan: 1803-1870; A Collection of Letters, Journals, and Memoirs (San Antonio: 1952), 72.
Event Type:
Date: January 2, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Comanches, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Comanches attack Tonkawas and Lipan Apaches between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers above Bastrop over disputed hunting grounds. Two Comanches are killed.
Tribe: Comanches, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.194016000000
Longitude: -97.394953000000
Longitude: -97.394953000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, January 2, 1839.
Event Type:
Date: July/August 1840
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Lipans, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A party of Lipan Indians engage Comanches on Rio Frio, killing thirteen. Seven or eight Comanches are sent as prisoners to Bexar.
Tribe: Lipans, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.667226000000
Longitude: -99.744998000000
Longitude: -99.744998000000
Citation:
Illinois Free Trader, August 28, 1840.
Event Type:
Date: Late April 1843
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A party of Tonkawas and Lipans attempt to steal horses from a Waco (Wichita) village; one or two Tonkawas are killed.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 31.655996000000
Longitude: -97.150929000000
Longitude: -97.150929000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, May 17, 1843.
Event Type:
Date: July 19, 1843
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Toweash, Kichais, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A band of Wichitas attempts to steal horses of Lipan Apaches encamped on the Leon River, above Little River Fort. One Wichita (Toweash) is killed, one Wichita (Kaichai) is taken prisoner.
Tribe: Toweash, Kichais, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 31.017530000000
Longitude: -97.403646000000
Longitude: -97.403646000000
Citation:
Clarksville Northern Standard, June 22, 1843
Lorna Geer Sheppard, ed., An Editor’s View of Early Texas (Austin: Eakin Press, 1998), 54.
Event Type:
Date: June 1844
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: female
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American A Tonkawa woman is killed by Wichitas (Wacos) on the Comal River, near the German settlement of New Braunfels.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: female
Location:
Latitude: 29.701398000000
Longitude: -98.119780000000
Longitude: -98.119780000000
Citation:
Dorman H. Winfrey, ed. Texas Indian Papers 1844-1845 (Austin: Texas State Library), 2:167.
Event Type: