Wacos (Wichita) raid a Tonkawa village, killing thirty, including women, children, and old men. Raid occurred on Davidson’s Creek, which is 25 to 30 miles north of Independence, near present day Milano.
Date: February 1822
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Tonkawas
Gender: male, female
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tribe: Wacos, Tonkawas
Gender: male, female
Location:
Latitude: 30.666666700000
Longitude: -96.900000000000
Longitude: -96.900000000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 110.
J. H. Kuykendall, “Reminiscences of Early Texans,” The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 7, p. 29-30.
Event Type:
Date: February 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to Waco (Wichita) attack on Tonkawa village, Austin colonists join Tonkawas in an attack against Wacos on the Trinity River, killing forty Waco tribesmen.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.954833000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 128-29. Eugene C. Barker, ed. “Journal of Stephen F. Austin on His First Trip to Texas, 1821,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 7 (April 1904): 286–307; Martínez to Lopez, February 8, 1822, Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) 1: 472–74; Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 55.
Event Type:
Date: Early 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tawakonis (Wichitas) fight Tonkawas and Lipan Apaches at the La Bahía crossing of the Colorado River. Four Tonkawas are killed.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.668325000000
Longitude: -97.388327000000
Longitude: -97.388327000000
Citation:
Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:525.
Event Type:
Date: March 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Choctaws/Chickasaws
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Six Choctaws kill four Tonkawas near the La Bahía Road, between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Choctaws/Chickasaws
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.097178000000
Longitude: -96.496353000000
Longitude: -96.496353000000
Citation:
Malcolm D. McLean, ed., Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:526, 2:591.
Event Type:
Date: March 25, 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Colonists attack Tonkawa village in retaliation for theft of livestock. Two Tonkawas, one settler killed.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Event Type:
Date: April 4, 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Kichais, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tawakoni (Wichita) and Kichai (Wichita) camp attacked on Colorado River, five leagues below the road to La Bahia, by combined force of 30 militiamen and Tonkawa and Lipan Indians, led by James J. Ross. Eight Tawakonis killed, including three chiefs: Cordero, Lisaque, and Guichupa.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Kichais, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.836852000000
Longitude: -96.543388000000
Longitude: -96.543388000000
Citation:
Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27), vol. 2, part 2:1304-05. Also in Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:535.
Event Type:
Date: February 1827
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Comanches, Lipans, Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Wacos (Wichitas) and Comanches attacked Lipan Apaches and Tonkawas on San Marcos River nine miles above Gonzales, stole several hundred horses.
Tribe: Wacos, Comanches, Lipans, Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.518351000000
Longitude: -97.491839000000
Longitude: -97.491839000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 133; Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27), vol. 2, part 2, 1607.
Event Type:
Date: April 1835
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of merchants is fired upon by seven Tonkawas near Brazoria. One Indian is killed.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.049144000000
Longitude: -95.576882000000
Longitude: -95.576882000000
Citation:
“Unfortunate Occurrence,” The Texas Republican, May 2, 1835.
Event Type:
Date: Late March 1836
Time Period: Texas Revolution 1835-36
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Revolution 1835-36
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Nine members of the Douglas and O’Doherty families are killed by Tonkawas on Clark’s Creek, twelve miles southwest of present day Hallettsville.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.612982000000
Longitude: -97.421924000000
Longitude: -97.421924000000
Citation:
John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas. (Austin: L. E.Daniel, 1896), 45-46.
John J. Linn, Reminiscences of Fifty Years in Texas. (Austin: State House Press, 1986), 283-4.
Event Type:
Date: November 1836
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of 15 Tonkawas attacks seven Texans on a surveying expedition near San Antonio led by Maj. James W. Tinsley and Maj. George Thomas Howard. Three Tonkawas are killed.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.182050000000
Longitude: -98.557670000000
Longitude: -98.557670000000
Citation:
Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar. Edited by Charles Adam Gulick, et al. (A.C. Baldwin, Printers, 1924), 4/1:229.
Event Type:
Date: March 1837
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tonkawas kill two settlers on the San Antonio River, north of Camp Vigilance (present-day Floresville).
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.155720000000
Longitude: -98.195303000000
Longitude: -98.195303000000
Citation:
Juan Nepomuceno Seguín, A Revolution Remembered: the Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguín. Jesús F. de la Teja, ed. (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 2002), 158.
Event Type:
Date: March 23, 1837
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Rangers under the command of Juan Seguin kill two Tonkawas, wounding a third, who they believe to be responsible for recent depredations in the San Antonio area (near present day Stockdale).
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.236908000000
Longitude: -97.960003000000
Longitude: -97.960003000000
Citation:
Juan Nepomuceno Seguín, A Revolution Remembered: the Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguín. Jesús F. de la Teja, ed. (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 2002), 167.
Event Type:
Date: Early August 1837
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) One Texan (Jackson M. Parker) is shot and killed by Tonkawas on the Nueces River while gathering cattle for the army.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 28.375880000000
Longitude: -98.363772000000
Longitude: -98.363772000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, August 22, 1837
Event Type:
Date: June 10, 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tonkawas fight and defeat a party of Comanches on the Nueces River; exact location unknown.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.203719000000
Longitude: -98.694379000000
Longitude: -98.694379000000
Citation:
Rena Maverick Green, Samuel Maverick, Texan: 1803-1870; A Collection of Letters, Journals, and Memoirs (San Antonio: 1952), 72.
Event Type:
Date: September 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of Mexican traders en route to Corpus Christi from the Rio Grande is attacked by a group of Americans and Tonkawas. Nine merchants are killed.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 26.812375000000
Longitude: -98.304315000000
Longitude: -98.304315000000
Citation:
Joseph Milton Nance, After San Jacinto: The Texas-Mexican Frontier, 1836-1841 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963), 57.
Telegraph and Texas Register, September 29, 1838.
Event Type:
Date: September 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tonkawas kill several whites on the Lavaca River in retribution for stealing the Indians’ horses, which they had earlier stolen from Mexican merchants.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.363404000000
Longitude: -96.912474000000
Longitude: -96.912474000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, September 29, 1838.
Joseph Milton Nance, After San Jacinto: The Texas-Mexican Frontier, 1836-1841 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963), 59
Event Type:
Date: January 2, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Comanches, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Comanches attack Tonkawas and Lipan Apaches between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers above Bastrop over disputed hunting grounds. Two Comanches are killed.
Tribe: Comanches, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.194016000000
Longitude: -97.394953000000
Longitude: -97.394953000000
Citation:
Telegraph and Texas Register, January 2, 1839.
Event Type:
Date: February 14, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Lipans, Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American To punish Comanches for their recent raids on the western settlements, as well as to find the Lockhart and Putnam children captured the previous December, John H. Moore leads an expedition of 55 settlers and 54 Indians (Lipan Apaches and Tonkawas) up the San Saba River valley.
Tribe: Lipans, Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.274394000000
Longitude: -98.824955000000
Longitude: -98.824955000000
Citation:
Dorman H. Winfrey, ed. Texas Indian Papers, 1825-1843, 57-59.
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 2:161-168.
Noah Smithwick, The Evolution of a State, or, Recollections of Old Texas Days (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 215-217.
John Wesley Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 144-46.
Event Type:
Date: March 1-2, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Wacos, Comanches, Tonkawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Ben McCulloch leads a second unsuccessful expedition to rescue the Lockhart and Putnam children composed of five settlers and 35 Tonkawas. The party encounters a band of Wacos (Wichitas) and Comanches at the headwaters of Peach Creek, seventeen miles northeast of Gonzales, killing four.
Tribe: Wacos, Comanches, Tonkawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.567448000000
Longitude: -97.284054000000
Longitude: -97.284054000000
Citation:
John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas (Austin: L. E. Daniel, 1896), 73-74.
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier:ó Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 2:179-181.
Event Type:
Date: March 3, 1840
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A man named Kaughman is killed by Comanches while hunting on Williamson’s Creek, a fork of Onion Creek, five miles west of Austin. Tonkawas are initially blamed for the attack.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Comanches
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.310700000000
Longitude: -97.787782000000
Longitude: -97.787782000000
Citation:
Brazos Courier, March 3, 1840
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1840-1841 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2002), 3:16.
Event Type: