Lipan Apaches attack two hundred Spanish troops and fifty militiamen leaving La Bahía (Goliad). In retaliation, Spanish troops kill eight Apaches in an assault on a Lipan rancheria
Date: July 1820
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Tribe: Lipans
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.661395000000
Longitude: -97.388434000000
Longitude: -97.388434000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 109.
Event Type:
Date: February 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to Waco (Wichita) attack on Tonkawa village, Austin colonists join Tonkawas in an attack against Wacos on the Trinity River, killing forty Waco tribesmen.
Tribe: Tonkawas, Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.954833000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Longitude: -95.659161000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska 2006), 128-29. Eugene C. Barker, ed. “Journal of Stephen F. Austin on His First Trip to Texas, 1821,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 7 (April 1904): 286–307; Martínez to Lopez, February 8, 1822, Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) 1: 472–74; Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 55.
Event Type:
Date: February 25, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In response to the deaths of Loy and Alley, the colony responded by raising a company of 25 men. Finding the Karankawa encampment on Skull Creek, the colonists killed 19 or 20 members of the tribe.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.532641000000
Longitude: -96.408224000000
Longitude: -96.408224000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 38-40. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 128. J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 200-01.
Event Type:
Date: Late May 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), White (includes Anglo-American, European) William Dewees and about half a dozen colonists tracked a band of horse thieves who had recently attacked and murdered a party of Mexican drovers. They caught up with the group at the Brazos River, killing three: Julian Chirino, Vicente Castro, and Felix Mendoza.
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.673727000000
Longitude: -96.795387000000
Longitude: -96.795387000000
Citation:
William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 53-54. Kuykendall, "Reminiscences of Early Texans," The Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association, vol. 7, no. 1, July 1903, 34.
Event Type:
Date: July 7, 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) John J.Tumlinson, Jr., organizes a group of eleven colonists, including his brother Joseph Tumlinson, in response to the death of his father on July 6. They attack a Waco encampment 15 miles above present-day Columbus, killing 12-13.
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.706623000000
Longitude: -96.515311100000
Longitude: -96.515311100000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 204-05.
Samuel H. Tumlinson, “Tumlinson, Joseph,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed September 16, 2020, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/tumlinson-joseph
Event Type:
Date: October 1823
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Stephen F. Austin provides emigrant tribes—the Coushattas, Alabamas, and Choctaws--with powder and lead to attack the Karankawas, who had been committing depredations in the colony. Locating a party of Cocos (Karankawas), they kill the chief, his son, and three other tribesmen.
Tribe: Alabama/Coushatta, Choctaws/Chickasaws, Coco
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.805670000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Longitude: -94.684611000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 130.
Event Type:
Date: 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Coco
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Austin launches attacks on Karankawas early in the year, assaulted a Coco (Karankawa) village upstream from the mouth of the Brazos River, killing seven.
Tribe: Coco
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.916270000000
Longitude: -95.389051000000
Longitude: -95.389051000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 130.
Charles A. Gulick, ed. The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (Austin: A.C. Baldwin, 1921), 4:245–48.
Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27) vol. 1, part 1: 768, 803.
Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999) 49-50.
William H. Oberste, History of Refugio Mission (Refugio, TX: [1942]), 309.
Event Type:
Date: June 13, 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Austin colonist on Colorado River kills one member of a party of Karankawas butchering one of his cows.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 131
Event Type:
Date: Mid-June 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Captain Jesse Burnam and 30 Austin colonists, shot at a canoe filled with Karankawas two miles above the mouth of the Colorado River. Eight Karankawas are killed.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.247303000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Longitude: -97.625370000000
Citation:
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: From its First Settlement in 1685 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin: Steck Co., 1953), 1:225-26; William B. Dewees, Letters from an Early Settler of Texas (Louisville: Morton Griswold, 1852), 50-53.
Event Type:
Date: Mid-June 1824
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Commissioned by Stephen F. Austin to conduct a punitive expedition against the Karankawas for the killing of Austin colonists, Captain Randal Jones and a company of 23 settlers skirmish with Karankawas on Jones Creek, near the mouth of the Brazos River. Three whites and 15 Indians killed.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 28.980864000000
Longitude: -95.420809000000
Longitude: -95.420809000000
Citation:
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas, (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 201-02.
Henderson K. Yoakum, History of Texas: From its First Settlement in 1685 to its Annexation to the United States in 1846 (Austin: Steck Co., 1953), 1: 224-25.
Event Type:
Date: February 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of colonists led by Aylett C. Buckner kill 40-50 Karankawas near the mouth of the Colorado River, three miles east of present day Matagorda, in retaliation for attack on Cavanaugh and Flowers’ families. Sometimes referred to as the “Dressing Point” Massacre.
Tribe: Karankawas
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 28.691133000000
Longitude: -95.968271000000
Longitude: -95.968271000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 131.
J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 210.
Kelly F. Himmel, The Conquest of the Karankawas and the Tonkawas, 1821-1859 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999), 51.
Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:525.
Event Type:
Date: March 25, 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Colonists attack Tonkawa village in retaliation for theft of livestock. Two Tonkawas, one settler killed.
Tribe: Tonkawas
Gender: unspecified
Event Type:
Date: April 4, 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Kichais, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tawakoni (Wichita) and Kichai (Wichita) camp attacked on Colorado River, five leagues below the road to La Bahia, by combined force of 30 militiamen and Tonkawa and Lipan Indians, led by James J. Ross. Eight Tawakonis killed, including three chiefs: Cordero, Lisaque, and Guichupa.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Kichais, Tonkawas, Lipans
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 29.836852000000
Longitude: -96.543388000000
Longitude: -96.543388000000
Citation:
Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27), vol. 2, part 2:1304-05. Also in Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press, 1975), 2:535.
Event Type:
Date: Fall 1826
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Captain Henry S. Brown, commanding Mexican soldiers and colonists, attacked Waco (Wichita) village on the Brazos River, near present-day Waco. All but one are killed.
Tribe: Wacos
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.498799000000
Longitude: -97.051291000000
Longitude: -97.051291000000
Citation:
Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press), 2:251-53.
Event Type:
Date: January 1827
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) On the order of Chief Bowls, Cherokee leader Richard Fields is killed near Tiawichi Creek, one mile northwest of Pirtle, for making an alliance with the Fredonian rebels.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.304803000000
Longitude: -94.855364000000
Longitude: -94.855364000000
Citation:
Richard Drinnen, White Savage: The Case of John Dunn Hunter, New York, Schocken Books, 1972, 220-21.
Event Type:
Date: January 1827
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) On the order of Chief Bowls, John Dunn Hunter, an adviser to Cherokee leader Richard Fields, is killed by Cherokees on his way to Nacogdoches for his role in the Fredonian Rebellion.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.923796000000
Longitude: -94.705686000000
Longitude: -94.705686000000
Citation:
Richard Drinnen, White Savage: The Case of John Dunn Hunter, New York: Schocken Books, 1872, 220-21.
Event Type:
Date: May 15, 1828
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Wacos
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Mexican troops kill two Tawakoni and Wacos (Wichitas) on the Pedernales River following an Indian attack in San Antonio.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Wacos
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 30.314010000000
Longitude: -98.283647000000
Longitude: -98.283647000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 140.
Event Type:
Date: Winter 1828
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis, Wacos
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Sixteen Tawakonis and Wacos (Wichitas) kill a Mexican resident of Austin’s colony on the Colorado River. Militia responds and kills eight Indians.
Tribe: Tawakonis, Wacos
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 29.693421000000
Longitude: -96.479530000000
Longitude: -96.479530000000
Citation:
F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 141.
Event Type:
Date: December 1828
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Comanches
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Thirty settlers led by Henry S. Brown attacked an Indian camp, possibly Comanche, on the Colorado River, above the mouth of Pecan Bayou, in an effort to recover horses stolen near Gonzales. One Mexican, several Indians killed.
Tribe: Comanches
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.427656000000
Longitude: -98.724314000000
Longitude: -98.724314000000
Citation:
John Henry Brown, History of Texas, from 1685 to 1892 (St. Louis: L.E. Daniell, 1892-93), 1:154-55.
Event Type:
Date: Early March 1829
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Four Tawakonis (Wichitas) killed in response to late February camp robbery within 15 miles of La Bahía.
Tribe: Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 28.668325000000
Longitude: -97.388327000000
Longitude: -97.388327000000
Citation:
Eugene C. Barker, ed. The Austin Papers (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1924–27), vol. 2, 175-76.
Event Type: