On the order of Chief Bowls, Cherokee leader Richard Fields is killed near Tiawichi Creek, one mile northwest of Pirtle, for making an alliance with the Fredonian rebels.
Date: January 1827
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.304803000000
Longitude: -94.855364000000
Longitude: -94.855364000000
Citation:
Richard Drinnen, White Savage: The Case of John Dunn Hunter, New York, Schocken Books, 1972, 220-21.
Event Type:
Date: January 1827
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) On the order of Chief Bowls, John Dunn Hunter, an adviser to Cherokee leader Richard Fields, is killed by Cherokees on his way to Nacogdoches for his role in the Fredonian Rebellion.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.923796000000
Longitude: -94.705686000000
Longitude: -94.705686000000
Citation:
Richard Drinnen, White Savage: The Case of John Dunn Hunter, New York: Schocken Books, 1872, 220-21.
Event Type:
Date: April 1829
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Wacos, Tawakonis, Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American Cherokees attack Waco village on the Brazos, near present-day Waco. Fifty-five Wacos (Wichitas) killed in reprisal for theft of horses the previous winter. During the course of the battle, which lasted several hours, 200 mounted Tawakonis (Wichitas) came to the aid of the Wacos.
Tribe: Wacos, Tawakonis, Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.526459000000
Longitude: -97.069359000000
Longitude: -97.069359000000
Citation:
John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas (Austin: State House Press, 1988), 11-13. See also Malcolm D. McLean, ed. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Arlington, Texas: University of Texas at Arlington Press), 3:412-14; J. W. Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 174-77; F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2006), 141.
Event Type:
Date: 1830
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees, Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American One hundred Cherokees attack a Tawakoni (Wichita) village at headwaters of the Navasota River (present day Mont Calm). Setting fire to grass houses, they shot Tawakonis as they were trying to escape, reportedly killing 26.
Tribe: Cherokees, Tawakonis
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 31.753793000000
Longitude: -96.881919000000
Longitude: -96.881919000000
Citation:
1. F. Todd Smith, From Dominance to Disappearance: The Indians of Texas and the Near Southwest, 1786-1859 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2005), 141.
2. Malcolm D. McLean, comp. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1974), 4:162-67, 192, 210.
Event Type:
Date: December 1834
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Two Cherokees attempt to break into the house of a Robertson colonist at the Falls of the Brazos. The resident is severely wounded, both Indians are killed by local residents.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 31.251853000000
Longitude: -96.919263000000
Longitude: -96.919263000000
Citation:
Malcolm McLean, Sterling Robertson Papers, 9:50.
Event Type:
Date: June 1835
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Caddos, Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A force of 60 Texas volunteers captures four Indians--two Caddos, chief Canoma and his son, and two Cherokees--near the Three Forks of the Little River, six miles southeast of Belton. Mistakenly believing them to be horse thieves, they vote to execute the four men.
Tribe: Caddos, Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.970328000000
Longitude: -97.348480000000
Longitude: -97.348480000000
Citation:
John Henry Brown, Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas (Austin: L. E. Daniel, 1896), 25.
Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, Charles Adam Gulick, et al., ed. (A.C. Baldwin, Printers, 1924), 4/1:31.
John Wesley Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 207-08.
Event Type:
Date: August 1835
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) “Cherokee” John Williams, a noted horse thief, is killed in a Cherokee village. Exact location unknown, but approximately 30 miles north of Nacogdoches.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 31.720669000000
Longitude: -94.638573000000
Longitude: -94.638573000000
Citation:
House Executive Documents, 25th Congress, 2nd sess., No. 351, 776.
Malcolm D. McLean, comp. Papers Concerning Robertson’s Colony in Texas (Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1974), 11:252.
Event Type:
Date: October 1835
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Mexican Era 1821-1835
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Three Cherokees are killed in Cherokee territory, roughly thirty miles north of Nacogdoches, possibly by Anglo-American surveyors.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 32.009037000000
Longitude: -94.664951000000
Longitude: -94.664951000000
Citation:
Mosley Baker and F. W. Johnson, “Report of Messrs. Baker and Johnson to the Chairman of the General Council of Texas,” Telegraph and Texas Register, November 7, 1835.
Event Type:
Date: May 16, 1837
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Kickapoos, Shawnees, Delawares, Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Daniel Montague and 17 Texans attack a band of Kickapoos, Shawnees, Delawares, and Cherokees near Warren. Several Indians are killed.
Tribe: Kickapoos, Shawnees, Delawares, Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.613189000000
Longitude: -94.399512000000
Longitude: -94.399512000000
Citation:
Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, Charles Adam Gulick, et al., ed. (A.C. Baldwin, Printers, 1924), 4/1:219.
Rex Wallace Strickland, “History of Fannin County, Texas, 1836-1843,” The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 33, no. 4 (April 1930): 287-288.
Event Type:
Date: November 3, 1837
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Kichais, Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Lieutenant A. B. Van Benthuysen and 18 Texas Rangers encounter a party of Cherokees led by several Kichai (Wichita) scouts en route to trade with the Comanches near the forks of the Brazos River (the confluence of Salt Fork and Double Mountain Fork), 50 miles west of present-day Throckmorton.
Tribe: Kichais, Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 33.267895000000
Longitude: -99.999832000000
Longitude: -99.999832000000
Citation:
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1835-1837 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2002), 1:267-68.
Noah Smithwick, The Evolution of a State, or, Recollections of Old Texas Days (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 143.
Event Type:
Date: June 17, 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Caddos, Cherokees
Gender: male, female
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) In an attempt to support Vicente Córdova, who would lead a revolt against the Republic of Texas later that summer, Julián Pedro Miracle leads a force consisting of roughly 100 Mexican soldiers and 22 Indians (Cherokees and Caddos) from Matamoros into Texas.
Tribe: Caddos, Cherokees
Gender: male, female
Location:
Latitude: 28.371954000000
Longitude: -97.485563000000
Longitude: -97.485563000000
Citation:
Joseph Milton Nance, After San Jacinto: The Texas-Mexican Frontier, 1836-1841 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963), 117-118.
Senate Executive Documents, No. 14, “Memorandum Book,” 32 Congress, 2nd session, 15.
Event Type:
Date: October 16, 1838
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Kickapoos, Delawares, Caddos, Alabama/Coushatta, Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Black (includes African American and African), Hispanic (Mexican/Tejano), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Supporters of Vicente Córdova--a force that included Mexicans, blacks, Kickapoos, Delawares, Caddos, Coushattas, and Cherokees--attack Gen. Thomas Jefferson Rusk and 260 Texas Rangers at an abandoned Kickapoo village on Kickapoo Creek, two and a half miles southeast of present day Frankston.
Tribe: Kickapoos, Delawares, Caddos, Alabama/Coushatta, Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.017935000000
Longitude: -95.480488000000
Longitude: -95.480488000000
Citation:
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 67-78.
John Wesley Wilbarger, Indian Depredations in Texas (Austin: Steck Co., 1935), 2:81-82.
Event Type:
Date: February 18, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Black (includes African American and African), Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Indians raid the plantation of Joseph W. Robertson on the lower Colorado River in Bastrop County. Seven slaves are seized, including two boys, 13 and 16. Robertson pursues the party as far as the Washita River, where he is fired upon by Cherokees.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 30.024275000000
Longitude: -97.221978000000
Longitude: -97.221978000000
Citation:
George P. Garrison, ed., Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1907, vol. 2: Diplomatic Correspondence of the Republic of Texas, pt. 1 (Washington, Government Printing office, 1908), 2:122-123.
Event Type:
Date: July 15, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Texas troops under Gen. Kelsey H. Douglas and General Tom Rusk engage Chief Bowles’ retreating Cherokees on Battle Creek, west of the Neches River, three and a half miles northwest of present-day Chandler. Eighteen Cherokees and four Texans are reported killed.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.302481000000
Longitude: -95.507301000000
Longitude: -95.507301000000
Citation:
Handbook of Texas Online, “Neches, Battle of The,” accessed June 29, 2016, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qen02. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Modified on May 10, 2016. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 2:246-251.
Event Type:
Date: July 16, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) At a Delaware village west of the Neches River, about 19 miles southeast of present-day Canton, 500 Texans under General Kelsey H. Douglas pursue and engage 800 retreating Cherokees in the last major engagement of the Cherokee War.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.049162000000
Longitude: -95.432632000000
Longitude: -95.432632000000
Citation:
Handbook of Texas Online, “Neches, Battle of The,” accessed June 29, 2016, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qen02. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Modified on May 10, 2016. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
“Cherokee War,” Telegraph and Texas Register, August 7, 1839.
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 2:251-268.
Telegraph and Texas Register, July 24, 1839.
Event Type:
Date: July 21-22, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Texans burn Cherokee villages, corn fields, and all improvements around the headwaters of the Sabine River near present-day Lake Tawakoni as they pursue the remnants of the Cherokee defeated at the Neches.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 32.800948000000
Longitude: -95.904410000000
Longitude: -95.904410000000
Citation:
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 2:283.
Date: July 23, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) An Anglo settler named Blankenship is killed by Cherokees near the Sabine River, probably near present-day Lake Tawakoni.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.800948000000
Longitude: -95.904410000000
Longitude: -95.904410000000
Citation:
Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, Charles Adam Gulick, et al., ed. (A.C. Baldwin, Printers, 1924), 2:275.
Event Type:
Date: July 26, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Timothy O’Neil is killed by Indians, probably Cherokees, near Fort Lamar, an army post about ten miles south of present-day Tyler.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 32.217023000000
Longitude: -95.298843000000
Longitude: -95.298843000000
Citation:
Stephen L. Moore, Savage Frontier: Rangers, Riflemen, and Indian Wars in Texas, 1838-1839 (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2006), 2:286.
“Obituary,” Telegraph and Texas Register, August 14, 1839.
Event Type:
Date: August 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) Cherokees retreating into U.S. Indian Territory are fired upon at the Red River, roughly six miles north of present-day New Boston, by Texas rangers under the command of John Emberson. Three or four Indians are killed.
Tribe: Cherokees
Gender: male
Location:
Latitude: 33.555499000000
Longitude: -94.400711000000
Longitude: -94.400711000000
Citation:
Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, The Papers of Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar, Charles Adam Gulick, et al., ed. (A.C. Baldwin, Printers, 1924), 4/1:275.
“Scenes of the Frontier,” Telegraph and Texas Register, August 28, 1839.
Event Type:
Date: December 11, 1839
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Tribe: Cherokees, Delawares, Kickapoos, Caddos
Gender: unspecified
Time Period: Texas Republic 1836-45
Description:
Race or Ethnicity: Native American, White (includes Anglo-American, European) A party of Indians (Cherokees, Delawares, Kickapoos, and Caddos), with several Mexicans, kill and rob six Texians on the Old San Antonio Road, a few miles north of present-day Roma.
Tribe: Cherokees, Delawares, Kickapoos, Caddos
Gender: unspecified
Location:
Latitude: 26.498619000000
Longitude: -99.087067000000
Longitude: -99.087067000000
Citation:
Smith to Forsyth, No. 162, January 1, 1840, Matamoros Consular Dispatches.
Event Type: